What is the difference between "ground effect" and "ground handling" in aviation?

The distinction between ground effect and ground handling is significant in aviation. Ground effect is a phenomenon that occurs when an aircraft is in close proximity to the ground, typically within a distance equal to its wingspan. In this state, the airflow around the wings is altered, which enhances lift and reduces induced drag. This effect can allow an aircraft to take off or land at lower speeds than it would be able to do otherwise, making it crucial for understanding performance during those phases.

On the other hand, ground handling refers to the activities and procedures involved in maneuvering an aircraft while it is on the ground. This includes towing, refueling, loading and unloading passengers and cargo, and taxiing for departure or upon arrival. Ground handling practices are essential for ensuring safe and efficient operations during the aircraft's time on the ground.

The correctness of the selected answer lies in the accurate representation of what ground effect does in terms of aerodynamics as opposed to the logistical and operational aspects of ground handling. This comparison clarifies the two concepts and their importance in aviation operations.