What is the primary purpose of a turbocharger in an aircraft engine?

The primary purpose of a turbocharger in an aircraft engine is to increase engine power at high altitudes. At higher elevations, the air density decreases, which can lead to a corresponding drop in engine performance due to less oxygen available for combustion. A turbocharger alleviates this issue by compressing the intake air, ensuring that the engine receives a sufficient amount of oxygen to maintain power output. This is particularly beneficial for aircraft operating in environments where climb rates and engine performance are critical under thinner atmosphere conditions.

While the other options present various aspects related to aircraft operation, they do not accurately reflect the core function of a turbocharger. Increasing weight and balance capabilities does not apply to the mechanical function of the turbocharger. Enhancing fuel efficiency can be an indirect result of improved combustion with a turbocharger, but its main role is not primarily about efficiency. Reducing engine wear over time is not directly related to a turbocharger's operation; instead, it focuses on engine maintenance and design considerations that are separate from the turbocharging process.