What minimum separation does ATC provide for a small aircraft landing behind a heavy jet due to wake turbulence?

The correct answer of 6 miles minimum separation for a small aircraft landing behind a heavy jet is grounded in wake turbulence safety procedures established by aviation authorities. Heavy jets generate significant wake turbulence, which can be hazardous to smaller aircraft due to their limited ability to withstand these disturbances.

To mitigate the risk of wake turbulence encounters, air traffic control (ATC) is responsible for ensuring that appropriate separation distances are maintained. This 6-mile separation provides enough distance to allow the wake turbulence from the preceding heavy aircraft to dissipate to a safer level, significantly reducing the risk of loss of control for the smaller aircraft.

This standard reflects both practical flight safety considerations and the findings from various studies into wake turbulence behavior, establishing protocols that prioritize the safety of less stable aircraft during landing approaches. Therefore, understanding the principles of wake turbulence and the corresponding separation standards is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient air traffic operations.