Which factor primarily affects night flying?

Visibility is the primary factor that affects night flying due to the limited natural light available after sunset. Unlike daytime flying, where pilots can utilize visual references from the ground and surrounding environment, night flying requires a greater reliance on instruments and navigational aids. When visibility is low, whether due to darkness, fog, or weather conditions, it significantly impacts a pilot's ability to see and accurately interpret their surroundings, which can lead to disorientation or difficulty in maintaining situational awareness.

Visibility also influences other aspects, such as identifying other aircraft, terrain, and approach patterns, making it essential for safety during night operations. Understanding how to navigate with reduced visibility, utilize lighting systems, and rely on instrument flying skills becomes critical for pilots during night flights.